license                 package:base                 R Documentation

_T_h_e _R _L_i_c_e_n_s_e _T_e_r_m_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     The license terms under which R is distributed.

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
     Version 2, June 1991

     Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple
     Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of
     this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

     Preamble

     The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
     freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General
     Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and
     change free software - to make sure the software is free for all
     its users.  This General Public License applies to most of the
     Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose
     authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation
     software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License
     instead.)  You can apply it to your programs, too.

     When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
     price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
     you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and
     charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code
     or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or
     use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can
     do these things.

     To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
     anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the
     rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities
     for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify
     it.

     For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
     gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights
     that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can
     get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
     know their rights.

     We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
     and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to
     copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

     Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make
     certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for
     this free software.  If the software is modified by someone else
     and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have
     is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others
     will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

     Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
     patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a
     free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect
     making the program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it
     clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or
     not licensed at all.

     The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
     modification follow.

     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,
     DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

     0. This License applies to any program or other work which
     contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be
     distributed under the terms of this General Public License.  The
     "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work
     based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative
     work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the
     Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications
     and/or translated into another language.  (Hereinafter,
     translation is included without limitation in the term
     "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

     Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
     not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act
     of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
     Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
     the Program (independent of having been made by running the
     Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

     1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
     source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
     conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
     appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep
     intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the
     absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the
     Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

     You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
     and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
     for a fee.

     2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any
     portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy
     and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of
     Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these
     conditions:

     a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
     stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

     b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
     whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
     part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
     parties under the terms of this License.

     c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
     when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
     interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
     announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
     notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
     a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
     these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
     License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
     does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
     the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

     These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
     identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
     Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
     works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not
     apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate
     works.  But when you distribute the same sections as part of a
     whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of
     the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions
     for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each
     and every part regardless of who wrote it.

     Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
     contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
     intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
     derivative or collective works based on the Program.

     In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
     Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on
     a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the
     other work under the scope of this License.

     3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
     under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
     of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
     following:

     a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
     source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
     1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software
     interchange; or,

     b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
     years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
     cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
     machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
     distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
     customarily used for software interchange; or,

     c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
     to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
     allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
     received the program in object code or executable form with such
     an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

     The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work
     for making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete
     source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
     plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
     used to control compilation and installation of the executable. 
     However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
     not include anything that is normally distributed (in either
     source or binary form) with the major components (compiler,
     kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable
     runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

     If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
     access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
     access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
     distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
     compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

     4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
     except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
     otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
     void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
     License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
     from you under this License will not have their licenses
     terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

     5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
     signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
     or distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions
     are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. 
     Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
     based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
     License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
     distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

     6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on
     the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from
     the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program
     subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any
     further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
     granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
     by third parties to this License.

     7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of
     patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
     issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
     agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
     License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
     License.  If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
     your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
     obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
     Program at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit
     royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
     receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only
     way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain
     entirely from distribution of the Program.

     If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
     under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
     intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
     in other circumstances.

     It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe
     any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity
     of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of
     protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system,
     which is implemented by public license practices.  Many people
     have made generous contributions to the wide range of software
     distributed through that system in reliance on consistent
     application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide
     if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other
     system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

     This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
     to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

     8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
     certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
     the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
     License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
     excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
     in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this
     License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
     this License.

     9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
     versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such
     new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but
     may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

     Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
     Program specifies a version number of this License which applies
     to it and "any later version", you have the option of following
     the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later
     version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program
     does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
     any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

     10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other
     free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write
     to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is
     copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
     Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our
     decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free
     status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting
     the sharing and reuse of software generally.

     NO WARRANTY

     11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
     WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
     LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
     HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT
     WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT
     NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
     FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
     QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
     PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY
     SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

     12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
     WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
     MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
     LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
     INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
     INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
     DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
     OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
     OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
     ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

     How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

     If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the
     greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this
     is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and
     change under these terms.

     To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is
     safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
     effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should
     have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full
     notice is found.

     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it
     does.> Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

     This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
     modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
     published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
     License, or (at your option) any later version.

     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
     General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
     Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 
     02111-1307  USA

     Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
     mail.

     If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
     this when it starts in an interactive mode:

     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year  name of author
     Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type
     `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to
     redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for
     details.

     The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
     appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
     commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and
     `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items-whatever
     suits your program.

     You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
     your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the
     program, if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the
     program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by
     James Hacker.

     <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice

     This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
     program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a
     subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit
     linking proprietary applications with the library.  If this is
     what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License
     instead of this License.

_R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s:

     A copy of this license is in `$R_HOME/COPYING' and you may also
     want to look at the R FAQ in <URL:
     http://www.ci.tuwien.ac.at/~hornik/R/R-FAQ.html>.

