

nodal(boot)                                  R Documentation

_N_o_d_a_l _I_n_v_o_l_v_e_m_e_n_t _i_n _P_r_o_s_t_a_t_e _C_a_n_c_e_r

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s_:

       m: A column of ones.

       r: An indicator of nodal involvement.

    aged: The patients age dichotomized into less than 60
          (`0') and 60 or over `1'.

   stage: A measurement of the size and position of the
          tumour observed by palpatation with the fingers
          via the rectum.  A value of `1' indicates a more
          serious case of the cancer.

   grade: Another indicator of the seriousness of the can-
          cer, this one is determined by a pathology reading
          of a biopsy taken by needle before surgery.  A
          value of `1' indicates a more serious case of the
          cancer.

    xray: A third measure of the seriousness of the cancer
          taken from an X-ray reading.  A value of `1' indi-
          cates a more serious case of the cancer.

    acid: The level of acid phosphatase in the blood serum.

_S_U_M_M_A_R_Y_:

     The `nodal' data frame has 53 rows and 7 columns.

     The treatment strategy for a patient diagnosed with
     cancer of the prostate depend highly on whether the
     cancer has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes.  It
     is common to operate on the patient to get samples from
     the nodes which can then be analysed under a microscope
     but clearly it would be preferable if an accurate
     assessment of nodal involvement could be made without
     surgery.

     For a sample of 53 prostate cancer patients, a number
     of possible predictor variables were measured before
     surgery.  The patients then had surgery to determine
     nodal involvement.  It was required to see if nodal
     involvement could be accurately predicted from the pre-
     dictor variables and which ones were most important.

_D_A_T_A _D_E_S_C_R_I_P_T_I_O_N_:

     This data frame contains the following columns:

_S_O_U_R_C_E_:

     The data were obtained from

     Brown, B.W. (1980) Prediction analysis for binary data.
     In Biostatistics Casebook.  R.G. Miller, B. Efron, B.W.
     Brown and L.E. Moses (editors), 3-18. John Wiley.

_O_T_H_E_R _R_E_F_E_R_E_N_C_E_S_:

     Davison, A.C. and Hinkley, D.V. (1997) Bootstrap Meth-
     ods and Their Application. Cambridge University Press.

