

license {base}                               R Documentation

_T_h_e _R _L_i_c_e_n_s_e _T_e_r_m_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n_:

     The license terms under which R. is distributed.

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s_:

     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
     Version 2, June 1991

     Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
     copies of this license document, but changing it is not
     allowed.

     Preamble

     The licenses for most software are designed to take
     away your freedom to share and change it.  By contrast,
     the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee
     your freedom to share and change free software - to
     make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
     General Public License applies to most of the Free
     Software Foundation's software and to any other program
     whose authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free
     Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU
     Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply
     it to your programs, too.

     When we speak of free software, we are referring to
     freedom, not price.  Our General Public Licenses are
     designed to make sure that you have the freedom to dis-
     tribute copies of free software (and charge for this
     service if you wish), that you receive source code or
     can get it if you want it, that you can change the
     software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and
     that you know you can do these things.

     To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions
     that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask
     you to surrender the rights.  These restrictions trans-
     late to certain responsibilities for you if you dis-
     tribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

     For example, if you distribute copies of such a pro-
     gram, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the
     recipients all the rights that you have.  You must make
     sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
     code.  And you must show them these terms so they know
     their rights.

     We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright
     the software, and (2) offer you this license which
     gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or
     modify the software.

     Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to
     make certain that everyone understands that there is no
     warranty for this free software.  If the software is
     modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
     recipients to know that what they have is not the orig-
     inal, so that any problems introduced by others will
     not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

     Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by
     software patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that
     redistributors of a free program will individually
     obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
     proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear
     that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free
     use or not licensed at all.

     The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribu-
     tion and modification follow.

     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR
     COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

     0. This License applies to any program or other work
     which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
     saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
     General Public License.  The "Program", below, refers
     to any such program or work, and a "work based on the
     Program" means either the Program or any derivative
     work under copyright law: that is to say, a work con-
     taining the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim
     or with modifications and/or translated into another
     language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included with-
     out limitation in the term "modification".)  Each
     licensee is addressed as "you".

     Activities other than copying, distribution and modifi-
     cation are not covered by this License; they are out-
     side its scope.  The act of running the Program is not
     restricted, and the output from the Program is covered
     only if its contents constitute a work based on the
     Program (independent of having been made by running the
     Program).  Whether that is true depends on what the
     Program does.

     1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
     Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,
     provided that you conspicuously and appropriately pub-
     lish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and
     disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices
     that refer to this License and to the absence of any
     warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program
     a copy of this License along with the Program.

     You may charge a fee for the physical act of transfer-
     ring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
     protection in exchange for a fee.

     2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or
     any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
     Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
     work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
     you also meet all of these conditions:

     a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent
     notices stating that you changed the files and the date
     of any change.

     b) You must cause any work that you distribute or pub-
     lish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived
     from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as
     a whole at no charge to all third parties under the
     terms of this License.

     c) If the modified program normally reads commands
     interactively when run, you must cause it, when started
     running for such interactive use in the most ordinary
     way, to print or display an announcement including an
     appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is
     no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a war-
     ranty) and that users may redistribute the program
     under these conditions, and telling the user how to
     view a copy of this License.  (Exception: if the Pro-
     gram itself is interactive but does not normally print
     such an announcement, your work based on the Program is
     not required to print an announcement.)

     These requirements apply to the modified work as a
     whole.  If identifiable sections of that work are not
     derived from the Program, and can be reasonably consid-
     ered independent and separate works in themselves, then
     this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sec-
     tions when you distribute them as separate works.  But
     when you distribute the same sections as part of a
     whole which is a work based on the Program, the distri-
     bution of the whole must be on the terms of this
     License, whose permissions for other licensees extend
     to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part
     regardless of who wrote it.

     Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim
     rights or contest your rights to work written entirely
     by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to
     control the distribution of derivative or collective
     works based on the Program.

     In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based
     on the Program with the Program (or with a work based
     on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribu-
     tion medium does not bring the other work under the
     scope of this License.

     3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work
     based on it, under Section 2) in object code or exe-
     cutable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above
     provided that you also do one of the following:

     a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding
     machine-readable source code, which must be distributed
     under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
     customarily used for software interchange; or,

     b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
     least three years, to give any third party, for a
     charge no more than your cost of physically performing
     source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy
     of the corresponding source code, to be distributed
     under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
     customarily used for software interchange; or,

     c) Accompany it with the information you received as to
     the offer to distribute corresponding source code.
     (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial
     distribution and only if you received the program in
     object code or executable form with such an offer, in
     accord with Subsection b above.)

     The source code for a work means the preferred form of
     the work for making modifications to it.  For an exe-
     cutable work, complete source code means all the source
     code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
     interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
     control compilation and installation of the executable.
     However, as a special exception, the source code dis-
     tributed need not include anything that is normally
     distributed (in either source or binary form) with the
     major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
     operating system on which the executable runs, unless
     that component itself accompanies the executable.

     If distribution of executable or object code is made by
     offering access to copy from a designated place, then
     offering equivalent access to copy the source code from
     the same place counts as distribution of the source
     code, even though third parties are not compelled to
     copy the source along with the object code.

     4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute
     the Program except as expressly provided under this
     License.  Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, subli-
     cense or distribute the Program is void, and will auto-
     matically terminate your rights under this License.
     However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
     from you under this License will not have their
     licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
     full compliance.

     5. You are not required to accept this License, since
     you have not signed it.  However, nothing else grants
     you permission to modify or distribute the Program or
     its derivative works.  These actions are prohibited by
     law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
     modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
     based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of
     this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions
     for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or
     works based on it.

     6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work
     based on the Program), the recipient automatically
     receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
     distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms
     and conditions.  You may not impose any further
     restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
     granted herein.  You are not responsible for enforcing
     compliance by third parties to this License.

     7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allega-
     tion of patent infringement or for any other reason
     (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed
     on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)
     that contradict the conditions of this License, they do
     not excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If
     you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
     your obligations under this License and any other per-
     tinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not
     distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a
     patent license would not permit royalty-free redistri-
     bution of the Program by all those who receive copies
     directly or indirectly through you, then the only way
     you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
     refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

     If any portion of this section is held invalid or unen-
     forceable under any particular circumstance, the bal-
     ance of the section is intended to apply and the sec-
     tion as a whole is intended to apply in other circum-
     stances.

     It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
     infringe any patents or other property right claims or
     to contest validity of any such claims; this section
     has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the
     free software distribution system, which is implemented
     by public license practices.  Many people have made
     generous contributions to the wide range of software
     distributed through that system in reliance on consis-
     tent application of that system; it is up to the
     author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to dis-
     tribute software through any other system and a
     licensee cannot impose that choice.

     This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what
     is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this
     License.

     8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is
     restricted in certain countries either by patents or by
     copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder
     who places the Program under this License may add an
     explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
     those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
     in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case,
     this License incorporates the limitation as if written
     in the body of this License.

     9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised
     and/or new versions of the General Public License from
     time to time.  Such new versions will be similar in
     spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail
     to address new problems or concerns.

     Each version is given a distinguishing version number.
     If the Program specifies a version number of this
     License which applies to it and "any later version",
     you have the option of following the terms and condi-
     tions either of that version or of any later version
     published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Pro-
     gram does not specify a version number of this License,
     you may choose any version ever published by the Free
     Software Foundation.

     10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program
     into other free programs whose distribution conditions
     are different, write to the author to ask for permis-
     sion.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
     Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Founda-
     tion; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our deci-
     sion will be guided by the two goals of preserving the
     free status of all derivatives of our free software and
     of promoting the sharing and reuse of software gener-
     ally.

     NO WARRANTY

     11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE,
     THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT
     PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE
     STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
     PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
     ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT
     NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIL-
     ITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE
     RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
     IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
     ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
     CORRECTION.

     12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
     AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY
     OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PRO-
     GRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
     INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSE-
     QUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO
     USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
     DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUS-
     TAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PRO-
     GRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH
     HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBIL-
     ITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

     How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

     If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of
     the greatest possible use to the public, the best way
     to achieve this is to make it free software which
     everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

     To do so, attach the following notices to the program.
     It is safest to attach them to the start of each source
     file to most effectively convey the exclusion of war-
     ranty; and each file should have at least the "copy-
     right" line and a pointer to where the full notice is
     found.

     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea
     of what it does.> Copyright (C) <year>  <name of
     author>

     This program is free software; you can redistribute it
     and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
     Public License as published by the Free Software Foun-
     dation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
     option) any later version.

     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be
     useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
     implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
     PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
     for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Pub-
     lic License along with this program; if not, write to
     the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place,
     Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA

     Also add information on how to contact you by elec-
     tronic and paper mail.

     If the program is interactive, make it output a short
     notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

     Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year  name of
     author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
     for details type `show w'.  This is free software, and
     you are welcome to redistribute it under certain condi-
     tions; type `show c' for details.

     The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should
     show the appropriate parts of the General Public
     License.  Of course, the commands you use may be called
     something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could
     even be mouse-clicks or menu items-whatever suits your
     program.

     You should also get your employer (if you work as a
     programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copy-
     right disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.  Here
     is a sample; alter the names:

     Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest
     in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at
     compilers) written by James Hacker.

     <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President
     of Vice

     This General Public License does not permit incorporat-
     ing your program into proprietary programs.  If your
     program is a subroutine library, you may consider it
     more useful to permit linking proprietary applications
     with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use
     the GNU Library General Public License instead of this
     License.

_R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s_:

     A copy of license is in `$R_HOME/COPYING' and you may
     also want to look at the R FAQ in <URL:
     http://www.ci.tuwien.ac.at/~hornik/R/R-FAQ.html>.

