

UScrime(MASS)                                R Documentation

_T_h_e _E_f_f_e_c_t _o_f _P_u_n_i_s_h_m_e_n_t _R_e_g_i_m_e_s _o_n _C_r_i_m_e _R_a_t_e_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n_:

     Criminologists are interested in the effect of punish-
     ment regimes on crime rates.  This has been studied
     using aggregate data on 47 states of the USA for 1960
     given in this data frame. The variables seem to have
     been re-scaled to convenient numbers.

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s_:

       M: percentage of males aged 14-24

      So: indicator variable for a southern state

      Ed: mean years of schooling

     Po1: police expenditure in 1960

     Po2: police expenditure in 1959

      LF: labour force participation rate

     M.F: number of males per 1000 females

     Pop: state population

      NW: number of nonwhites per 1000 people

      U1: unemployment rate of urban males 14-24

      U2: unemployment rate of urban males 35-39

     GDP: gross domestic product per head

    Ineq: income inequality

    Prob: probability of imprisonment

    Time: average time served in state prisons

       y: rate of crimes in a particular category per head
          of population

_F_o_r_m_a_t_:

     This data frame contains the following columns:

_S_o_u_r_c_e_:

     Ehrlich, I. (1973) Participation in illegitimate activ-
     ities: a theoretical and empirical investigation.
     Journal of Political Economy 81, 521-565.

     Vandaele, W. (1978) Participation in illegitimate
     activities: Ehrlich revisited.  In Deterrence and Inca-
     pacitation, eds A. Blumstein, J. Cohen and D. Nagin,
     pp. 270-335.  US National Academy of Sciences.

